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WASHINGTON (Reuters) - The U.S. Navy last week awarded submarine contracts worth up to $4.5 billion to General Dynamics Corp and Huntington Ingalls Industries Inc. , securing the funds from automatic budget cuts if Congress cannot reach agreement on other ways to reduce U.S. deficits.

The Navy awarded General Dynamics a five-year contract valued at up to $1.99 billion if all options are exercised, for research and development work on a new submarine to replace the current Ohio-class vessels, which carry nuclear weapons.

It awarded a separate contract worth nearly $2.5 billion for construction of two smaller Virginia-class submarines, work that will be split between General Dynamics' Electric Boat division, based in Groton, Connecticut, and Huntington Ingalls' Newport News shipyard.

Connecticut Representative Joe Courtney welcomed the contract news, saying it would help stabilize the local workforce and ensure continued production of submarines, which he described as "a key component of our national security."

He said hundreds of new engineers and designers had already been hired to work on the new submarine program at a New London, Connecticut, facility.

"This contract will leverage the unique skills of Electric Boat's submarine and design workforce in designing a capable and cost effective replacement for our Ohio class submarines," Courtney said, noting that Electric Boat had a record of building submarines ahead of schedule and under budget.

General Dynamics spokesman Kendell Pease said the orders demonstrated the continued and increasing importance of submarines to U.S. national security, particularly given the Obama administration's planned pivot to the Asia-Pacific region.

"As we move to the Asia Pacific region, submarines will become increasingly important," Pease said.

The Pentagon announced the cost-plus, fixed-fee contract for design work on the Ohio-class replacement submarine late last Friday, and said it included special incentives. The contract is worth up to $1.99 billion if all options are exercised.

The Pentagon said the contract included design work on the new submarine and continued work on a new common missile compartment being developed jointly by the U.S. Navy and Britain, as well as cost reduction initiatives and full-scale prototype manufacturing and assembly.

Most of the work will be done at General Dynamics' Connecticut facility, but about 7 percent of the work will be done by Huntington Ingalls. The Navy eventually plans to buy 12 new submarines to replace the current fleet of aging Ohio-class submarines, with construction slated to begin in 2021.

The Navy also awarded a contract to General Dynamics and Huntington Ingalls for construction of the last two Virginia-class submarines under a multi-year contract approved by Congress in fiscal 2008 that locked in a two-a-year production rate.

General Dynamics and Huntington Ingalls split the work on the Virginia-class submarines.

(Reporting by Andrea Shalal-Esa; Editing by Dan Grebler)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/general-dynamics-huntington-ingalls-win-huge-u-submarine-212721343--finance.html

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Please check the URL for proper spelling and capitalization. If you're having trouble locating a destination on Yahoo!, try visiting the Yahoo! homepage or look through a list of Yahoo!'s online services.

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Source: http://news.yahoo.com/10-things-know-today-101340019.html

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perinchloe11 · Dec. 23, 2012

Dec. 23, 2012 ? Some 40 million people depend on the Colorado River Basin for water but warmer weather from rising greenhouse gas levels and a growing population may signal water shortages ahead. In a new study in Nature Climate Change, climate modelers at Columbia University's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory predict a 10 percent drop in the Colorado River's flow in the next few decades, enough to disrupt longtime water-sharing agreements between farms and cities across the American Southwest, from Denver to Los Angeles to Tucson, and through California's Imperial Valley.

"It may not sound like a phenomenally large amount except the water and the river is already over-allocated," said Richard Seager, a climate scientist at Columbia University's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory and lead author of the new study.

The study expands on findings published in 2007 in the journal Science that the American Southwest is becoming more arid as temperatures rise and rainfall patterns shift from human-caused climate change. It also comes on the heels of a major study of the Colorado River Basin by the U.S. Department of Interior that projected longer and more severe droughts by 2060, and a 9 percent decline in the Colorado's flows.

"The projections are spot on," said Bradley Udall, an expert on hydrology and policy of the American West, at the University of Colorado, Boulder. "Everyone wondered what the next generation of models would say. Now we have a study that suggests we better take seriously the drying projections ahead."

The present study narrows in on three key regions for water managers -- the Colorado River headwaters, the greater California-Nevada region and Texas, which gets nearly all of its water from within state borders. The study makes use of the latest models (those used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in its Fifth Assessment Report due out next fall), to estimate seasonal changes in precipitation, evaporation, water runoff and soil moisture in the near future, 2021-2040. "It's a much finer grain picture than the one we had in 2007," said Seager.

Drying is expected in all three regions, as warmer temperatures trigger more evaporation, even in places that may see greater seasonal rain or snowfall, the study found. The models project that temperatures in 2021-2040 will be 1 to 2 degrees Celsius warmer than now. The Colorado headwaters are expected to see more precipitation on average, but annual stream flow is expected to decline by 10 percent, and as much as 25 percent during springtime, as warmer temperatures boost evaporation, the study found. California and Nevada will also see big changes in spring, with a projected 20 percent drop in spring runoff; Texas will overall become drier with a 10 percent decline in annual runoff. For Texas the models predict that precipitation will decrease and evaporation rates will also go down in spring and summer, but only because "there is no moisture to evaporate," said study co-author Mingfang Ting, a climate scientist at Lamont-Doherty.

Population growth in the Southwest is putting added pressure on regional water resources. To put the Colorado flow projections in context, a 10 percent decline is about five times the amount of water that Las Vegas uses in a year, said Udall. With alternate water sources tapped out, the West will likely have to meet the decline by cutting back on water use. "You can't go build another water project," he said. "That's what makes this problem so difficult."

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by The Earth Institute at Columbia University, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

Journal Reference:

Richard Seager, Mingfang Ting, Cuihua Li, Naomi Naik, Ben Cook, Jennifer Nakamura, Haibo Liu. Projections of declining surface-water availability for the southwestern United States. Nature Climate Change, 2012; DOI: 10.1038/nclimate1787

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/~3/HgfwTL8S5As/121223152734.htm

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PHOENIX (AP) ? Cody Ross and the Arizona Diamondbacks agreed to a $26 million, three-year contract Saturday that includes a club option for 2016.

Ross, who turns 32 on Sunday and lives in nearby Scottsdale, adds to the abundance of outfielders on the Arizona roster, leading to speculation a trade might be coming. Ross batted .267 with 22 home runs and 81 RBIs last season for the Boston Red Sox. He's a .267 career hitter in nine big league seasons with six teams.

"Could not be happier to be in the Dbacks family! Truly Blessed!" Ross posted on his Twitter account.

The addition gives the Diamondbacks four veteran outfielders ? Ross, Justin Upton, Gerardo Parra and Jason Kubel ? along with two youngsters the organization has deemed ready for the majors: Adam Eaton and A.J. Pollock.

That would indicate a trade could be in the works, with Kubel the center of that speculation. In his first season with Arizona last year, the left-handed slugger hit .253 with 30 home runs and 90 RBIs. He was hitting .300 on July 22 but batted .176 with 19 RBIs the rest of the season.

Ross, who throws left-handed and bats right-handed, was a fourth-round draft pick of Detroit out of Carlsbad, N.M., High School in 1999. He had brief major league stints with the Tigers, Los Angeles Dodgers and Cincinnati before becoming a full-time big leaguer with the Florida Marlins.

Ross was claimed by San Francisco off waivers in August 2010 and was MVP of that year's NL championship series, hitting .350 with three home runs and five RBIs against Philadelphia. He also homered against Texas in the World Series and batted .294 (15 for 51) with five homers, five doubles and 10 RBIs in 15 postseason games for the champion Giants.

He committed one error in each of the last two seasons.

The Diamondbacks also announced that infielder Gustavo Nunez cleared waivers and was returned to Detroit, opening a spot for Ross on the 40-man roster. Nunez was claimed off waivers from Pittsburgh in October after the Pirates selected him from the Tigers in the 2011 Rule 5 draft.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/ross-diamondbacks-agree-26-million-3-yr-deal-024703963--mlb.html

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perinchloe11 · Dec. 20, 2012

Dec. 20, 2012 ? An international team, led by researchers from the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, has discovered that "random" mutations in the genome are not quite so random after all. Their study, to be published in the journal Cell on December 21, shows that the DNA sequence in some regions of the human genome is quite volatile and can mutate ten times more frequently than the rest of the genome. Genes that are linked to autism and a variety of other disorders have a particularly strong tendency to mutate.

Clusters of mutations or "hotspots" are not unique to the autism genome but instead are an intrinsic characteristic of the human genome, according to principal investigator Jonathan Sebat, PhD, professor of psychiatry and cellular and molecule medicine, and chief of the Beyster Center for Molecular Genomics of Neuropsychiatric Diseases at UC San Diego.

"Our findings provide some insights into the underlying basis of autism -- that, surprisingly, the genome is not shy about tinkering with its important genes" said Sebat. "To the contrary, disease-causing genes tend to be hypermutable."

Sebat and collaborators from Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego and BGI genome center in China sequenced the complete genomes of identical twins with autism spectrum disorder and their parents. When they compared the genomes of the twins to the genomes of their parents, the scientists identified many "germline" mutations (genetic variants that were present in both twins but not present in their mother or father).

Nearly 600 germline mutations -- out of a total of 6 billion base pairs -- were detected in the 10 pairs of identical twins sequenced in the study. An average of 60 mutations was detected in each child.

"The total number of mutations that we found was not surprising," said Sebat, "it's exactly what we would expect based on the normal human mutation rate." What the authors did find surprising was that mutations tended to cluster in certain regions of the genome. When the scientists looked carefully at the sites of mutation, they were able to determine the reasons why some genomic regions are "hot" while other regions are cold.

"Mutability could be explained by intrinsic properties of the genome," said UC San Diego postdoctoral researcher Jacob Michaelson, lead author of the study. "We could accurately predict the mutation rate of a gene based on the local DNA sequence and its chromatin structure, meaning the way that the DNA is packaged."

The researchers also observed some remarkable examples of mutation clustering in an individual child, where a shower of mutations occurred all at once. "When multiple mutations occur in the same place, such an event has a greater chance of disrupting a gene," said Michaelson.

The researchers surmised that hypermutable genes could be relevant to disease. When they predicted the mutation rates for genes, the authors found that genes that have been linked to autism were more mutable than the average gene, suggesting that some of the genetic culprits that contribute to autism are mutation hotspots.

The authors observed a similar trend for other disease genes. Genes associated with dominant disorders tended to be highly mutable, while mutation rates were lower for genes associated with complex traits.

"We plan to focus on these mutation hotspots in our future studies," said Sebat. "Sequencing these regions in larger numbers of patients could enable us to identify more of the genetic risk factors for autism."

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of California - San Diego.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

Journal Reference:

Jacob?J. Michaelson, Yujian Shi, Madhusudan Gujral, Hancheng Zheng, Dheeraj Malhotra, Xin Jin, Minghan Jian, Guangming Liu, Douglas Greer, Abhishek Bhandari, Wenting Wu, Roser Corominas, ?ine Peoples, Amnon Koren, Athurva Gore, Shuli Kang, Guan?Ning Lin, Jasper Estabillo, Therese Gadomski, Balvindar Singh, Kun Zhang, Natacha Akshoomoff, Christina Corsello, Steven McCarroll, Lilia?M. Iakoucheva, Yingrui Li, Jun Wang, Jonathan Sebat. Whole-Genome Sequencing in Autism Identifies Hot Spots for De Novo Germline Mutation. Cell, 2012; 151 (7): 1431 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.11.019

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_health/~3/wIwFTSbWH3U/121220143516.htm

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Government Cloud

21 December 2012

Bobby Nazief, Special Adviser at Indonesia?s Ministry of Finance talks to FutureGov about the current transitional period in Indonesia?s long term plan to consolidate all of its financial information and infrastructure in the?cloud.

Related Categories

From this Section

Consolidating IT?Systems

The challenge is how to integrate our IT systems. We started last year by consolidating infrastructure into the cloud. We plan to finish this stage by the middle of next year and continue with systems integration. We are in the middle of a transition. The IT system is serving the Ministry of Finance (MoF) to manage national budget, revenue collection, taxes and custom excise. However, each unit has its own IT system and?infrastructure.

The value of the national budget that we are managing is 1300 trillion IDR (US$30 billion); tax: 1000 trillion IDR (US$23 billion). If there are any issues with the system, it means that there is a potential problem with disbursement of the budget, and in revenue collection. The Finance Minister saw a centralised IT system as a big advantage in terms of quality IT management and quality of service among different?units.

Financial Management?System

The contract was signed back in 2009 and we have since had the Oracle E-business Suite (EBS) that handles the budget management from authorisation, disbursement, tax management to reporting. The EBS system is also supported by Hyperion Budget Planning. The scope is budget preparation, disbursement, and reporting. We plan to add fixed asset management, debt management and integrate these to support the fiscal system of the?MoF.

When we started the centralisation project, we didn?t know how many systems and data we could consolidate. We focused on the infrastructure and when it was ready, we asked ourselves whether we wanted to replicate what we already had. We realised that the cloud provided a better solution and we didn?t have to move the physical system. All we had to move were applications, which enabled us to allocate the physical infrastructure more?efficiently.

Initially, the cloud helped us consolidate this infrastructure, and now we are planning to ramp up cloud utilisation and move to Platform-as-a-Service. We provide the infrastructure in the centralised data centre, while the responsibility of managing the IT system is still with the specific unit. It is very much like the concept of the cloud: the owner of the system is still the individual unit, but they don?t have to worry about the infrastructure as the central IT unit is providing?it.

The issue is budgeting. Each unit is responsible for its own budget. How can you coordinate it when the system is managed by one unit, while the output will be obtained by another?unit?

We have plenty of knowledge but to provide top quality service, we do limited outsourcing. We engage experts from the private sector to work with our people for a limited time, to expedite an exchange of expertise and?knowledge.

We are aiming at finishing the consolidation next year and move all the hardware to one server room or data centre. We will also complete the rollout of the budgeting system by end of this?year.

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Source: http://www.futuregov.asia/articles/2012/dec/21/putting-financial-data-cloud/

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MIAMI (AP) ? Jessica Kornfeld drove her children to their elementary school this past weekend. She wanted them to feel reassured that it was still a safe place, despite a horrific shooting in New England that killed 20 students very close to their own age.

"Our school is the same as it was when you left," she told them. "It's going to be fine."

Kornfeld and parents across the country were trying to quell their children's fears about returning to school Monday for the first time since the massacre at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Conn. School administrators have pledged to add police patrols, review security plans and make guidance counselors available.

And yet, it was pretty near impossible for parents not to be anxious and apprehensive following Friday's violence.

"For them, you need to pretend that you're OK," said Kornfeld, of Pinecrest, Fla. in suburban Miami. "But it's scary."

Teachers shared their concerns and braced themselves for what they would face in the classroom Monday.

"It's going to be a tough day," said Richard Cantlupe, an American history teacher at Westglades Middle School in Parkland, Fla. "This was like our 9/11 for school teachers."

Cantlupe said he will tell his students that his number one job is to keep them safe, and that like the teachers in Connecticut, he would do anything to make sure they stay out of harm's way. He is also beginning to teach about the Constitution and expects to take questions on the Second Amendment.

"It's going to lead right into the controversy over gun control," he said.

Connecticut Education Commissioner Stefan Pryor said his agency was sending a letter to school superintendents across the state on Sunday evening, providing a list of written prompts for classroom teachers to help them address the shooting in Newtown with their students.

"In many instances, teachers will want to discuss the events because they are so recent and so significant, but they won't necessarily know how to go about it," he said.

In an effort to ensure their students' safety and calm parents' nerves, school districts across the United States have asked police departments to increase patrols and have sent messages to parents outlining safety plans that they assured them are regularly reviewed and rehearsed.

Some officials refused to discuss plans publicly in detail, but it was clear that vigilance will be high this week at schools everywhere in the aftermath of one of the worst mass shootings in U.S. history: Twenty-six people were killed at Sandy Hook Elementary School, most children ages 6 and 7. The gunman then shot and killed himself.

Northern Virginia's Fairfax County Public Schools, the largest school system in the Washington area with about 181,000 students, will provide additional police patrols and counselors.

"This is not in response to any specific threat but rather a police initiative to enhance safety and security around the schools and to help alleviate the understandably high levels of anxiety," Superintendent Jack Dale said Sunday.

Dennis Carlson, superintendent of Anoka-Hennepin School District in Minnesota, said a mental health consultant will meet with school officials Monday, and there will be three associates ? one to work with the elementary, middle and high schools, respectively. As the day goes on, officials will be on the lookout for any issues that arise, and extra help will go where needed.

"We are concerned for everybody ? our staff and student body and parents," Carlson said. "It's going to be a day where we are all going to be hypervigilant, I know that."

In Tucson, Ariz., where a gunman in January 2011 killed six and wounded 12 others, including U.S. Rep. Gabrielle Giffords, the largest school district in the state increased security after Friday's shooting. Tucson Unified School District spokeswoman Cara Rene said Sunday that the district was participating in a memorial being held at one of its schools on Sunday evening, and that Gifford's replacement, Rep. Ron Barber, would be a featured speaker along with Superintendent John Pedicone. Barber was with Giffords at the constituent meet-and-greet and was among the wounded.

Rene said planning was under way to help teachers and students with grief and fear issues when school resumes Monday, and the district was working with Tucson police on security issues.

Officials with Chicago Public Schools, the nation's third-largest school district, said the district is reiterating its existing safety and emergency-management plans to keep more than 400,000 students safe, and may deploy police or counselors to schools as needed.

"With this incident, we took it as an opportunity to remind all of our principals to review and refresh their individual emergency-management plans and remind staff of standard safety protocol," said Chief Safety and Security Officer Jadine Chou.

Many schools will be holding a moment of silence Monday and will fly flags at half-staff.

Meanwhile, at home, many parents were trying to allay their children's fears while coping with their own. Kornfeld said her village is a lot like Newtown, Conn.: a place where people generally feel safe being at home without the doors locked and playing outside after school.

"Why would that happen there?" she said. "It kind of rocks everything."

She sat down with her son and daughter after school on Friday and explained to them what had happened. She reminded her children that they were with her, and safe.

"But it could have been us," her son replied.

___

Contributing to this report were Associated Press writers Jay Reeves in Birmingham, Ala.; Brett Zongker in Washington; Bob Christie in Phoenix; Holbrook Mohr in Jackson, Miss.; Amy Forliti in Minneapolis; Michelle Nealy in Chicago, Susan Haigh in Norwich, Conn., and Jeffrey Collins in Columbia, S.C.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/students-prepare-nervous-return-classes-024018815.html

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A new video captures the giant asteroid 4179 Toutatis tumbling through space on its flyby of Earth earlier this week.

The asteroid Toutatis video, which is about 40 seconds long, combines 64 radar images taken Wednesday and Thursday (Dec. 12 and 13) by NASA's Deep Space Network antenna in Goldstone, Calif. On those days, Toutatis was about 4.3 million miles (7 million kilometers) from Earth, or about 18 times farther away than the moon is.

The new radar images ? which have a resolution of 12 feet (3.75 meters) per pixel ? show the 3-mile-wide (5 kilometers) asteroid in striking detail. Toutatis is revealed to be an elongated, irregularly shaped object with multiple ridges, researchers said. Strange bright glints may indicate surface boulders, they added.

The video also sheds light on how Toutatis moves. The asteroid spins about its long axis every 5.4 days and wobbles through space like a badly thrown football, scientists said.

Toutatis never posed a threat to Earth on its recent flyby, and researchers say there is no chance it will hit our planet over the next four centuries or so. (Beyond that time, the asteroid's orbit cannot be accurately computed.)

Nevertheless, the Minor Planet Center in Cambridge, Mass., lists Toutatis as a potentially hazardous object, meaning that it could pose a risk to Earth at some point in the future.

Toutatis would cause catastrophic damage if it ever did slam into Earth, potentially extinguishing humanity and many other species. In general, scientists think a strike by anything at least 0.6 miles (1 km) wide could have global consequences, most likely by altering the world's climate for many years to come.

For comparison, the asteroid thought to have wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago was an estimated 6 miles (10 km) across.

Asteroid Toutatis makes one trip around the sun every four years. Its next close encounter with Earth will come in November 2069, when the space rock will fly safely by at about 1.8 million miles (3 million km), or 7.7 Earth-moon distances.

Follow SPACE.com on Twitter?@Spacedotcom. We're also on?Facebook?&?Google+.?

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/huge-asteroids-earth-flyby-caught-video-134438931.html

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Choosing the right auto auction company and learning how to decide on a car in this kind of an event can often be difficult without correct guidance from experienced buyers. See the Internet for tips and go to some auto auctions to see how the process is done. This may coach you well on how to select the right which will fit your specifications. Examine internet sites of auto auctioneer companies such as www.Pickles.com.au to get ideas on the trucks and cars offered. This can also help give a bird?s eye view on how they start the bidding. Look at different sites to see which company is suitable for your car purchasing needs.

Source: http://www.sponsordirectory.com/choose-a-vehicle-from-sydney-auto-auctions/

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This article originally appeared on my ongoing series of articles for?Flexcin International, Inc?as?Your Pet?s Head Position Explains More Than You?d Think

Photo Credit: Michael Brian

The way your pet holds its neck and head can indicate if a problem is present.?Signs such as the head being carried at the same height as or below the shoulders, a gaze pointing to the ground, or vocalization (crying) when the head or neck move indicate attempts to minimize pain. The neck also works in conjunction with the shoulders, so neck problems often end up affecting the shoulders (and vice versa). Your pet may exhibit front limb lameness (limping), difficulty or reluctance to move down from elevated surfaces, refusal to move, and other signs.

There are many potential causes of neck problems, but collar-based trauma is the most common in dogs. Ironically, it is also entirely preventable. Unfortunately, most dogs do not walk while heeling at their owner?s side. Instead, they pull against the collar and put mild to severe pressure on their neck.

For the sake of the health and comfort of your dog?s neck and head, don?t yank on your dog?s collar (or let them do so) or engage in a vigorous game of tug o? war. Instead try obedience training and utilize harness-style leads that do not put stress on the neck and head of your canine. These body parts are complex in their structure and function.

The neck is composed of many parts that work together for normal carriage and function to occur. A central column of backbones (vertebrae) protects the spinal cord and provides the neck?s basic support structure. A series of intervertebral discs provides cushion for the vertebrae and spinal cord. Additionally, small joints called facets help keep the whole backbone stable.

Besides the backbone, the neck contains other structures essential for the body?s normal functioning including the esophagus, trachea (windpipe), blood and lymphatic vessels, nerves, and muscles.?A problem with any one of these parts can cause your dog to show abnormal neck position, reduced range of motion, pain to the touch, or behavioral changes.

One of the most common diseases I see in the neck is?intervertebral disc disease?(IVDD), which is an abnormality in the disc?s ability to absorb shock and protect the spinal cord. IVDD often coincides with arthritis in the spine?s facets, which makes for a doubly uncomfortable experience for your cat or dog.

Symptoms of head and neck pain should be evaluated by your veterinarian. The appropriate diagnostic tests (X-rays, etc.) can determine the nature of the problem in order to develop an adequate treatment plan. Additionally, starting your dog on a daily dose of?FlexPet?can help improve joint health so that less medication is needed to maintain a comfortable state.

If you have any questions, feel free to contact me at?vetadvice@flexcin.com.

?

Thank you for reading this article. ?Your questions and comments are completely welcome (I?ll respond).

Please feel free to communicate with me through Twitter (@PatrickMahaney) and follow my adventures in veterinary medicine by liking?Patrick Mahaney: Veterinarian Acupuncture Pain Management for Your Pets?on Facebook.

Copyright of this article (2012) is owned by Dr Patrick Mahaney, Veterinarian and Certified Veterinary Acupuncturist. Republishing any portion of this article must first be authorized by Dr Patrick Mahaney. Requests for republishing must be approved by Dr Patrick Mahaney and received in written format.

Tagged as: Pet Body Language, Pet Joint Health, Vet Advice

Source: http://www.patrickmahaney.com/animal-treatment/your-pets-head-position-explains-more-than-youd-think/

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Washington Redskins quarterback Robert Griffin III is helped off the filed after an injury during the second half of an NFL football game against the Baltimore Ravens in Landover, Md., Sunday, Dec. 9, 2012. (AP Photo/Patrick Semansky)

ASHBURN, Va. (AP) ? Robert Griffin III high-stepped and moved laterally with barely a hitch as he stretched with his Washington Redskins teammates, then looked a little gimpy during throwing drills during the first part of practice.

The league's top-rated passer was back on the field Wednesday, three days after spraining his right knee during an overtime win over the Baltimore Ravens.

Griffin has a mild sprain of the lateral collateral ligament, the result of a hit by defensive tackle Haloti Ngata at the end of a 13-yard scramble late in regulation of the 31-28 victory.

If Griffin is unable to play Sunday against Cleveland, fellow rookie Kirk Cousins will get the call for the Redskins (7-6). Washington has won four straight and sit one game behind the first-place New York Giants in the NFC East.

Wednesday marked the first practice in preparation for the Browns.

Griffin wore a helmet, his No. 10 jersey and sweatpants ? a fashion accessory favored by many of his teammates on the chilly day. The sweatpants covered up any brace that the rookie might have been wearing.

He took part in the full stretch routine with no apparent problems, but began favoring his right leg at times when he began planting and throwing, adding a slight hop after some passes.

While his knee might not be 100 percent, Griffin's showmanship remains intact. At one point between drills he turned to wave at the group of reporters watching his every move.

The team, exercising its right under NFL rules, closed the practice to reporters after approximately 20 minutes.

___

Follow Joseph White on Twitter: http://twitter.com/JGWhiteAP

___

Online: http://pro32.ap.org/poll and http://twitter.com/AP_NFL

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/347875155d53465d95cec892aeb06419/Article_2012-12-12-FBN-Redskins-QBs/id-921980bd14a14800a53721cb9737e110

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perinchloe11 · Dec. 12, 2012

Dec. 12, 2012 ? Stronger snowfall increases future ice discharge from Antarctica. Global warming leads to more precipitation as warmer air holds more moisture -- hence earlier research suggested the Antarctic ice sheet might grow under climate change. Now a study published in Nature shows that a lot of the ice gain due to increased snowfall is countered by an acceleration of ice-flow to the ocean. Thus Antarctica's contribution to global sea-level rise is probably greater than hitherto estimated, the team of authors from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) concludes.

"Between 30 and 65 percent of the ice gain due to enhanced snowfall in Antarctica is countervailed by enhanced ice loss along the coastline," says lead-author Ricarda Winkelmann. For the first time, an ensemble of ice-physics simulations shows that future ice discharge is increased up to three times because of additional precipitation in Antarctica under global warming. "The effect exceeds that of surface warming as well as that of basal ice-shelf melting," Winkelmann says.

Snow piling up exerts pressure on the ice, thus it flows faster to the coast

During the last decade, the Antarctic ice-sheet has lost volume at a rate comparable to that of Greenland. "The one certainty we have about Antarctica under global warming is that snowfall will increase," Winkelmann explains. "Since surface melt might remain comparably small even under strong global warming, because Antarctica will still be a pretty chilly place, the big question is: How much more mass within the ice sheet will slowly but inexorably flow off Antarctica and contribute to sea-level rise, which is one of the major impacts of climate change."

Since snowfall on the ice masses of Antarctica takes water out of the global water cycle, the continent's net contribution to sea-level rise could be negative during the next 100 years -- this is what a number of global and regional models suggest. The new findings indicate that this effect to a large extent is offset by changes in the ice-flow dynamics. Snow piling up on the ice is heavy and hence exerts pressure -- the higher the ice the more pressure. Because additional snowfall elevates the grounded ice-sheet but less so the floating ice shelves, it flows more rapidly towards the coast of Antarctica where it eventually breaks off into icebergs and elevates sea level.

"Sea-level is rising -- that is a fact"

A number of processes are relevant for ice-loss in Antarctica, most notably to sub-shelf melting caused by warming of the surrounding ocean water. These phenomena explain the already observed contribution to sea-level rise.

"We now know that snowfall in Antarctica will not save us from sea-level rise," says second author Anders Levermann, research domain co-chair at PIK and a lead author of the sea-level change chapter of the upcoming IPCC's 5th assessment report. "Sea level is rising -- that is a fact. Now we need to understand how quickly we have to adapt our coastal infrastructure; and that depends on how much CO2 we keep emitting into the atmosphere," Levermann concludes.

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK).

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

Journal Reference:

R. Winkelmann, A. Levermann, M. A. Martin, K. Frieler. Increased future ice discharge from Antarctica owing to higher snowfall. Nature, 2012; 492 (7428): 239 DOI: 10.1038/nature11616

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_environment/~3/oxnmO93YbYc/121212134046.htm

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perinchloe11 · Dec. 11, 2012

Dec. 11, 2012 ? Black holes are surrounded by many mysteries, but now researchers from the Niels Bohr Institute, among others, have come up with new groundbreaking theories that can explain several of their properties. The research shows that black holes have properties that resemble the dynamics of both solids and liquids.

The results are published in the scientific journal, Physical Review Letters.

Black holes are extremely compact objects in the universe. They are so compact that they generate an incredibly strong gravitational pull and everything that comes near them is swallowed up. Not even light can escape, so light that hits a black hole will not be reflected, but will be entirely absorbed, as a result, they cannot be seen and we call them black holes.

"But black holes are not completely black, because we know that they emit radiation and there are indications that the radiation is thermal, i.e. it has a temperature," explains Niels Obers, a professor of theoretical particle physics and cosmology at the Niels Bohr Institute at the University of Copenhagen.

Multiple dimensions

Researchers know that the black holes are very compact, but they do not know what their quantum properties are. Niels Obers works with theoretical modelling to better understand the physics of black holes. He explains that you can look at a black hole like a particle. A particle has in principle no dimensions. It is a point. If you give a particle an extra dimension, it becomes a string. If you give the string an extra dimension, it becomes a plane. Physicists call such a plane a 'brane' (the word 'brane' is related to 'membrane' from the biological world).

"In string theory, you can have different branes, including planes that behave like black holes, which we call black branes. The black branes are thermal, that is to say, they have a temperature and are dynamical objects. When black branes are folded into multiple dimensions, they form a 'blackfold'," explains Niels Obers, who worked out this new way of looking at black branes with associate professor in theoretical physics at the Niels Bohr Institute, Troels Harmark, back in 2009.

New breakthrough

Niels Obers and his two doctoral students Jay Armas and Jakob Gath have now made a new breakthrough in the description of the physics of black holes based on the theories of the black branes and blackfolds,

"The black branes are hydro-dynamic objects, that is to say that they have the properties of a liquid. We have now discovered that black branes also have properties, which can be explained in terms of solids. They can behave like elastic material when we bend them," explains Jay Armas.

He explains that when the black branes are bent and folded into a blackfold, a so-called piezoelectric effect (electricity that occurs due to pressure) is created. This new effect can be understood as a slightly bent and charged black string with a greater concentration of electric charge on the innermost side in relation to the outermost side. This produces two electrically charged poles on the black strings. Black holes are predicted by Einstein's theory of gravity. This means that there is a very surprising relationship between gravity and fluid mechanics and solid-state physics.

"With these new theories, we expect to be able to explain other black hole phenomena, and we expect to be able to better understand the physical properties of neutron stars. We also expect to gain a greater understanding of the so-called particle theories, which are, for example, relevant for understanding the quark-gluon-plasma in the primordial universe," explains Niels Obers.

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of Copenhagen.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

Journal Reference:

Jay Armas, Jakob Gath, Niels Obers. Black Branes as Piezoelectrics. Physical Review Letters, 2012; 109 (24) DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.241101

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/matter_energy/electricity/~3/BYSFqk6yt4o/121211112959.htm

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ForWarn team wins 2013 Interagency Partnership Award

Public release date: 12-Dec-2012
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Contact: Bill Hargrove
whargrove@fs.fed.us
828-257-4846
USDA Forest Service ? Southern Research Station

The U.S. Forest Service Eastern Forest and Western Wildland Environmental Threat Assessment Centers' ForWarn team is among the agency recipients of the Federal Laboratory Consortium for Technology Transfer's (FLC) 2013 Interagency Partnership Award.

The award recognizes the collaborative efforts of federal laboratory employees for outstanding work in technology transfer, and is one of the highest honors from FLC. FLC is a nationwide network of federal laboratories that provides a forum to develop strategies and opportunities for linking laboratory mission technologies and expertise with the marketplace.

ForWarn is a forest change recognition and tracking system that uses data from NASA satellites to develop near real-time maps for the continental United States. The ForWarn team tracks short-and long-term effects of forest disturbances across the nation. In 2011 and 2012, they monitored impacts of lingering drought in the Midwest, spring tornadoes in the South, wildfires in the West, and fall webworm outbreaks in the Northeast, among other events. This system helps forest resource managers rapidly detect, identify, and respond to known and unexpected disturbances in forests. ForWarn can be accessed from any internet browser, and is available at no cost to both the private and public sectors.

"This tool highlights the benefits of partners working across government agencies to sustain natural resources for future generations," says Forest Service Southern Research Station Director Robert L. Doudrick. "ForWarn empowers natural resource managers to detect new forest disturbances quickly and respond in a timely and appropriate manner. This helps minimize impacts and maximize forest recovery."

William Hargrove, the Eastern Threat Center's lead ForWarn researcher, says, "Using ForWarn via its online assessment viewer, forest resource managers can keep a watchful eye on their own lands, checking for new potential disturbances. Users are encouraged to capture maps of disturbances to send to the Threat Centers and each other, allowing efficient communication about particular disturbance events and locations. ForWarn was made possible only by sustained coordination and cooperation among four different government agencies, pooling their strengths and working smarter in combination."

Award recipients, including the Forest Service ForWarn team and collaborators from NASA Stennis Space Center, the U.S. Department of Energy Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and the U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center, will be honored during a ceremony during the FLC National Meeting in Westminster, Colorado, in April 2013.

###

Learn more about ForWarn: http://forwarn.forestthreats.org/

Headquartered in Asheville, NC, the Southern Research Station comprises more than 120 scientists and several hundred support staff who conduct natural resource research in 20 locations across 13 southern states (Virginia to Texas). The Station's mission is "to create the science and technology needed to sustain and enhance southern forest ecosystems and the benefits they provide." Learn more about the Southern Research Station at: http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/.

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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

ForWarn team wins 2013 Interagency Partnership Award Public release date: 12-Dec-2012
[ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Bill Hargrove
whargrove@fs.fed.us
828-257-4846
USDA Forest Service ? Southern Research Station

The U.S. Forest Service Eastern Forest and Western Wildland Environmental Threat Assessment Centers' ForWarn team is among the agency recipients of the Federal Laboratory Consortium for Technology Transfer's (FLC) 2013 Interagency Partnership Award.

The award recognizes the collaborative efforts of federal laboratory employees for outstanding work in technology transfer, and is one of the highest honors from FLC. FLC is a nationwide network of federal laboratories that provides a forum to develop strategies and opportunities for linking laboratory mission technologies and expertise with the marketplace.

ForWarn is a forest change recognition and tracking system that uses data from NASA satellites to develop near real-time maps for the continental United States. The ForWarn team tracks short-and long-term effects of forest disturbances across the nation. In 2011 and 2012, they monitored impacts of lingering drought in the Midwest, spring tornadoes in the South, wildfires in the West, and fall webworm outbreaks in the Northeast, among other events. This system helps forest resource managers rapidly detect, identify, and respond to known and unexpected disturbances in forests. ForWarn can be accessed from any internet browser, and is available at no cost to both the private and public sectors.

"This tool highlights the benefits of partners working across government agencies to sustain natural resources for future generations," says Forest Service Southern Research Station Director Robert L. Doudrick. "ForWarn empowers natural resource managers to detect new forest disturbances quickly and respond in a timely and appropriate manner. This helps minimize impacts and maximize forest recovery."

William Hargrove, the Eastern Threat Center's lead ForWarn researcher, says, "Using ForWarn via its online assessment viewer, forest resource managers can keep a watchful eye on their own lands, checking for new potential disturbances. Users are encouraged to capture maps of disturbances to send to the Threat Centers and each other, allowing efficient communication about particular disturbance events and locations. ForWarn was made possible only by sustained coordination and cooperation among four different government agencies, pooling their strengths and working smarter in combination."

Award recipients, including the Forest Service ForWarn team and collaborators from NASA Stennis Space Center, the U.S. Department of Energy Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and the U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center, will be honored during a ceremony during the FLC National Meeting in Westminster, Colorado, in April 2013.

###

Learn more about ForWarn: http://forwarn.forestthreats.org/

Headquartered in Asheville, NC, the Southern Research Station comprises more than 120 scientists and several hundred support staff who conduct natural resource research in 20 locations across 13 southern states (Virginia to Texas). The Station's mission is "to create the science and technology needed to sustain and enhance southern forest ecosystems and the benefits they provide." Learn more about the Southern Research Station at: http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/.

[ | E-mail | Share ]
?

AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-12/ufs-ftw121212.php
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The brutal two-year war for control of Syria, which has already taken more than 40,000 lives, could become even more deadly if President Bashar al-Assad uses or loses control of his sizeable arsenal of chemical weapons in the coming days or weeks.

To help deter any such outcome, President Obama recently warned: ?The use of chemical weapons is and would be totally unacceptable. And if you make the tragic mistake of using these weapons, there will be consequences and you will be held accountable.?

The threat posed by chemical weapons in Syria doesn?t just lie in the possibility that the Assad regime will use them against civilians or opposition forces. Storage and production facilities could come under attack, chemical components could be mishandled, and weapons could fall into the hands of terrorist groups.

OPINION: Threat of chemical warfare in Syria means it's time for US, NATO no-fly zone

For months, US officials have been developing contingency plans for the many different scenarios that could involve chemical weapons and have been consulting with neighboring states on a coordinated response. The international community?s options to prevent the use and mismanagement of Syria?s chemical arsenal are limited, but they do provide a starting point.

Syria is bound by the 1925 Geneva Convention not to use chemical agents in warfare, but it is one of eight countries that have not yet joined the 1997 Chemical Weapons Convention banning all development, production, and deployment of deadly chemicals. It is believed to possess hundreds of tons of mustard gas, blister agents, and nerve agents, including sarin and VX. Its stockpile is deliverable by aerial bombs, ballistic missiles, and artillery rockets. Experts say that just a drop of nerve agent, on the skin, ingested, or inhaled, will kill a person in a few minutes.

For its part, the Assad regime has said it might only use chemical weapons in the event of foreign intervention in the armed conflict between the government and domestic opposition forces. In July, the Syrian government publicly acknowledged the existence of its chemical stockpile for the first time.

But as the regime?s hold over the capital city of Damascus becomes even more tenuous, there is a very real risk that Mr. Assad?s commanders will nevertheless resort to the use of artillery shells or bombs armed with chemical agents to repel the rebels? final assault.

Even if the implied threat of direct foreign military intervention deters Assad from using chemical weapons, there is still the possibility that Syria?s chemical weapons storage sites may come under attack and may come under the control of Syrian rebel groups unfamiliar with safe handling and security of chemical weapons. Several suspected chemical weapons storage and production sites are near the contested cities of Aleppo, Damascus, Hama, and Homs.

Worse still is the risk that easily transportable chemically-armed artillery shells might fall under the control of Assad?s ally, Hezbollah, or one of the radical factions of the Free Syrian Army.

Options for preventing any of these deadly scenarios are few ? and often flawed.

For instance, even precision airstrikes cannot destroy the stockpiles because there is imperfect intelligence on all possible storage locations, and attempts to destroy the depots could cause widespread civilian casualties. As we learned in the first Gulf War in 1991, attacks on chemical weapons depots risk release of deadly agents downwind over both troops and innocent civilians, and possibly cross-border into neighboring countries, with potentially long-term health implications.

Likewise, inserting foreign ground forces into Syria for the purpose of securing the dozen or so sites where Assad stores or produces chemical weapons would put those soldiers at very high risk. And doing so probably makes it more likely that Assad actually uses his chemical weapons.

In the end, the fate of Syria?s deadly arsenal may depend on the decisions of a few key Syrian officers and soldiers on the ground. Consequently, one of the most important steps that can be taken is for regional leaders to issue coordinated statements that reinforce Mr. Obama?s message to Assad, as well as to military personnel now directly in charge of the chemical stockpiles, that individuals will be held accountable if the weapons are used or pilfered.

Assad?s allies in Russia, as well as in Iran ? which itself suffered from chemical warfare during the 1980-1988 conflict with Saddam Hussein?s Iraq ? can help reinforce this message by threatening to withdraw all forms of support if Assad orders the use of chemical weapons against the Syrian opposition.

The Syrian rebel command and its emerging political leadership must also make it clear that individuals who maintain security of the weapons will be given favorable consideration in the post-Assad future. And the opposition must commit to secure these sites in the short run, without major injury or deaths, and to accede to the Chemical Weapons Convention to verifiably eliminate the stockpiles over the longer term.

The eventual destruction of Syria?s remaining chemical arsenal will require international support, including technical expertise and financing. The Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) has inspected and verified the safe destruction of over 54,000 tons of chemical weapons in six of seven declared possessor countries since 1997 (the great majority in the US and Russia). The OPCW will be needed to verify and inspect any such post-conflict operation in Syria.

OPINION: Lack of US, Western intervention in Syria helps jihadists

Syria?s chemical weapons cannot preserve Assad?s crumbling regime, but they can create an even more dangerous and deadly situation for Syria?s suffering people and its neighbors. The US and countries in the region with interests in Syria must overcome their differences to help preclude the use and spread of Syria?s deadly arsenals.

Daryl G. Kimball is the executive director of the independent Arms Control Association; Paul F. Walker is director of the Environmental Security and Sustainability Program for Green Cross International and its US national affiliate, Global Green USA.

ALSO BY THIS WRITER: 5 ways US must promote nuclear nonproliferation

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